Giant Fungus Dianjunus rex Discovered in Yunnan Forests

Researchers documented the specimen during diversity surveys conducted throughout 2024 and 2025, with findings published in Frontiers in Fungal Biology. The fungus is distinguished by its pale yellow, finger-like stromata—reproductive structures that reach the height of standard airline carry-on luggage. Before this discovery, the title for the largest member of the Ascomycota group belonged to Engleromyces goetzei, a species native to Kenya.

The discovery originated from photographs submitted by a local resident, prompting closer investigation by the Kunming Institute of Botany. Indunil Senanayake, an associate professor and co-author of the study, noted that while the fungus had been observed previously, its distinct classification remained unrecognized until genetic analysis confirmed its placement in the Dianjunaceae family. Evidence suggests this lineage emerged approximately one million years after the asteroid impact that concluded the Cretaceous Period.

Scientists hypothesize that the mass extinction event 66 million years ago provided an ecological niche for the fungus. As photosynthesis declined globally, the accumulation of decaying organic matter—including roots, wood, and animal remains—offered a vast food source for fungi capable of thriving on dead material. While the species has not yet been assessed for toxicity, the discovery underscores the significant gaps in current knowledge regarding global fungal diversity.